The installation of hoisting wells should avoid the places where people are concentrated and the main traffic roads, and should be close to the explosion-prone parts.
The natural gas pipelines entering the underground machine room should strictly implement the relevant national standards, and casing protection should be added when crossing floors and walls. The natural gas pipelines in the basement should be welded and connected with equipment. Except for the pipelines, special pipes should be used, and the valves should be high-quality valves. A solenoid valve should be installed at the outlet of the surge tank. If a leak occurs, it should be able to automatically cut off the gas. The fire alarm system and the natural gas concentration leak detection alarm device should be installed in the gas machine room. The detection point of the natural gas concentration leak detection alarm device linked to the fire control system should be Less than two places, and should be arranged above the equipment or parts that are easy to leak. Monitor the main engine room 24. When the natural gas concentration reaches the lower explosion limit of 20, the concentration and monitoring system can promptly and accurately alarm, and cut off the valves and non-fire power supply of the natural gas main, automatically start the accident air supply and exhaust system, and set up the indoor fire hydrant system and fire extinguishment according to the standard. Equipment and equipment room should be provided with independent delivery. The exhaust system is linked with the natural gas leak detection and monitoring device of the automatic fire alarm system. The exhaust vent should be located at a safe and non-fire source, the number of exhaust ventilation should not be less than 15 times, and the amount of air supply should not be less than the amount of air required for blasting 1.03 m3 calories and fresh air required by indoor personnel In order to ensure that the natural gas concentration of the equipment room is lower than the lower explosion limit, the firefighting power of the equipment room should be powered according to the level load requirements, and an automatic switching device should be installed at the terminal distribution box. 1 The electrical equipment in the equipment room should be in accordance with the explosion and fire hazard environment power Device design specification 5005892 selection.
Select the unit with reliable safety performance, and strictly implement the relevant national standard in the design, construction, installation, acceptance, and use of the unit. The operator should hold a certificate, strengthen training and education, strengthen duty and inspection, establish and improve all kinds of maintenance and maintenance. Various safety management systems The Fire Bureau of the Shaanxi Provincial Public Security Department has organized experts to hold a demonstration meeting on fire safety in the basement of high-rise buildings earlier this year. Concurrently posted. I hope to add relevant content in future high-level revisions. Questions to be paid attention to in the use of fire-resistant materials for steel structures and their applications Qian Guoliang, Lin Guixiang, Shanghai Academy of Architectural Science, with the widespread adoption of steel structures, has also brought new fire protection questions. .
Although the steel structure does not burn by itself, its fire resistance is very poor. In the standard fire test, the fire resistance of its components is only 120 minutes. Before the 1980s, there were no fire prevention measures in domestic steel structures, and fires occurred. The structure is very easy to burn down for example. In December 1969, less than 20 minutes after the fire at the Hai Cultural Plaza, the 860012 steel roof trusses were completely burned out. Similar situations have occurred in other steel structure buildings at home and abroad. Therefore, the main methods for steel structure must adopt fire protection measures to improve the fire resistance of steel structure are the outer cladding method, shielding method and water cooling method. Among them, the outer cladding method is the most commonly used method, which is to wrap the steel members with fireproof materials to block the transfer of fire heat to the steel, delay the temperature rise of the steel, and delay the time when the steel members reach the critical temperature when they fail.
1. Several main measures to improve the fire resistance of steel members 1.1 Place concrete or refractory bricks around the steel members. The HSBC Building, which was built in the 1930s, is now protected with steel beams and steel columns in the Shanghai Bund Pudong Development Bank. The Pudong World Financial Tower, the Shanghai Information Tower, and the steel columns of the petrochemical industrial plant in the 1970s have all been protected by this method. The advantage is that the protective layer has high strength and impact resistance. But it takes up a lot of space. Example 1. Protect the steel column with 200 concrete. The thickness of 51 can reach the fire resistance limit of 1.5 to 3 hours. In addition, construction is more troublesome, especially for steel beams. On the brace.
1.2 Use fire-resistant light-weight board as the fire-resistant outer cladding and calcium silicate board. Thick fireproof plates such as vermiculite slabs cover steel members for fire protection, and are characterized by their density. The thermal conductivity coefficient within 50 and 13 is generally as low as 0.1. The high-temperature use temperature within 1 can reach 1000, and its thickness can be determined according to the fire resistance of the component, which is roughly between 20 and 5. The advantage is that the fireproof board is pre-processed by the factory, the surface is smooth and decorative, and the construction is dry. The super high-rise buildings such as the Hai Hilton Hotel and the New Jinjiang Hotel have imported such fireproof boards from abroad as a steel structure fireproof cladding.
Fireproof thick plates in the United States. Mass production in countries such as Britain and Japan. Application, it is reported that 1 produced calcium monate board! The board is high in Japan, and the total amount of fireproofing materials in Zhongzhong has reached about one, but the production and application of this kind of board in China are only at the initial stage. At present, the board of Shandong Laizhou Mingfa Thermal Insulation Material Co., Ltd. Factory, Ding Banjun 1 Shaanxi Public Security 1 Shaanxi Public Security 1999002 4 hurdlers issued the notice of the fire safety demonstration meeting of the direct-fired air-conditioning units in the basement of Shaanxi Trust Investment Building 2 The safety requirements of gas-fired lithium bromide air-conditioning units are the same The type of light calcium silicate fire retardant is expected to be like fire retardant paint, and it will also have greater development in China.
1.3 Spraying fireproof coatings for steel structures Use spraying or manual application to apply fireproof coatings to the steel surface to form an outer protective layer. Because of its simple construction, light weight and low cost, and it is not limited by the geometry of the components, this fire protection measure has been widely used in advanced countries such as Europe, America and Japan as early as the 5th. Since the mid-1980s, some super high-rise steel structures designed by foreign countries, such as the Shanghai Hilton Hotel. Jinshajiang Hotel World Plaza and other buildings use the United Kingdom, 1 Gong 1 cement grasshopper series of fireproof coatings such as the 21 brand Shanghai International Trade Center Building uses mineral wool fireproof spraying materials also approved by Japanese companies.
After 1985, a variety of steel structure fireproof coatings have also been successfully developed in China, and imported products have been replaced in some important domestic projects, saving the country a lot of foreign exchange and construction costs. The production and application of domestic steel structure fireproof coatings have developed rapidly, according to Complete statistics show that there are currently no fewer than 50 production plants, with an annual sales volume of nearly 10,000 tons and a construction area of ​​one million square meters each year, which has become an important class of fire safety materials.
The steel structure fireproof coating is divided into non-intumescent and intumescent non-intumescent fireproof coating. It is also called heat-insulating fireproof coating. The main component is inorganic thermal insulation material, such as expanded vermiculite. Perlite mineral fiber, etc. It uses the inherent thermal insulation of the coating to block the transmission of heat from the fire to the substrate. The thickness of the coating is from 8 to 5, 1 is added, and the corresponding fire resistance limit can reach 0.5 hours to 3 hours. Also known as thick fire retardant coating.
Intumescent fire-retardant coatings use the coating to foam and expand itself when exposed to fire to form a porous carbonaceous layer that is more than ten times thicker than the original coating layer to perform a hot work. lead. Apply 4 degrees +7, 1 fire limit 1 for 1.5 hours, also known as thin fire-resistant paint. In recent years, the intumescent fire-retardant coatings produced by British Chan company and Germany 8 company have a coating thickness of only 23 to reach the fire resistance limit of more than 1.5 hours, which is called ultra-thin steel structure fire-resistant coatings in China. This type of paint has better decorative properties and is more suitable for workshops. It is used on the bare light steel structure and net roof truss of gymnasium and so on.
Examples of important projects using domestic fire-retardant coatings in Shanghai include the following: Shanghai Securities Building, World Financial Building, World Trade Center, Information Building, Jinshan Petrochemical Industrial Plant, etc. 8 The use of water-based adhesives, perlite. Vermiculite is a two-component packaging of aggregate. It uses granular mineral wool and introduces thick fiber fireproof coating materials of Japanese dry spray technology. There is the International Shipping Building of Hailun Hotel.
2. Several questions that should be paid attention to when choosing fire-retardant paint 2.1 About the choice of fire-retardant paint The fire-retardant paint is divided into thick-coating type and thin-coating type. The main component of the thick coating type is inorganic material, which is not easy to age and has a long fire resistance time. It is suitable for beams with high fire resistance requirements or permanent building concealed parts according to the requirements of the technical specifications for the application of steel structure fireproof coatings. Column; thin coating type paint has good vibration resistance, but short fire resistance time, suitable for fire resistance time of 1.5 hours to factory exposed structure such as grid frame, light steel roof truss. However, in recent years there have been quite a few projects to apply thin coating type, Especially ultra-thin coatings are used on steel structures that require more than 2 hours of fire resistance. It has been proved that all intumescent fire-resistant coatings, especially domestic-made ultra-thin intumescent fire-resistant coatings, in the standard steel beam fire resistance test, their fire resistance The limit is difficult to reach more than 2 hours, and the repeatability of the test results is poor. In addition, its poor aging performance is its fatal weakness, generally in 510 years, and some even lose the expansion performance in 23 years, which affects its fire protection for steel structures. Therefore, intumescent fire retardant coatings are generally not suitable for use on steel members requiring a fire resistance rating of 2 hours. If they are used in bare structures, their life should also be considered. After the coating period is exceeded, the fire retardant coatings should be repainted. 2.2 About outdoor fire retardant coatings The selection of the load-bearing steel frame support skirt seat pipe frame of the production equipment of domestic petrochemical companies and oil drilling platforms are mostly outdoor or semi-outdoor materials. In addition to the same fire resistance requirements as indoor fireproof coatings, they should also have excellent weather resistance. In recent years, in the outdoor steel structure fire protection project, the weathering of the fireproof coating has turned yellow and peeled off, and quality accidents that have lost the effect of fire protection are not uncommon. The reason is that, apart from improper construction, the main reason is that many projects use intumescent fire retardant coatings whose technical performance can only meet indoor requirements for outdoor use, or although manufacturers claim to be thin coating fire retardant coatings for outdoor use, they cannot actually Resistant to long-term aging Because the outdoor environment is much harsher than indoors, the paint must withstand the sun and rain for a long time outdoors. The wind blows and freezes, so you should choose water resistance. Fire-resistant paint with high freeze-thaw resistance and sunlight resistance. According to a large number of engineering experience and lessons at home and abroad, it is considered that thick inorganic fire retardant coatings should be selected with high density and high strength hydraulic fire retardant coatings. These coatings have excellent water resistance and frost resistance, and are more suitable for use in open-air steel structures. Regarding fireproof coatings for outdoor use, it has been clearly stipulated in the revised version of the fire protection specification for petrochemical enterprises 3501601999. 2.3 Regarding the selection of fiber-based fire-retardant coatings Fiber-based fire-retardant coatings have been adopted since the 1950s in Europe and America. On the 6th, Japan used a large number of sprayed asbestos materials as steel structure buildings to prohibit the use. In the 1970s, Japan switched to mineral wool as a raw material as a refractory coating material, which is widely used in high-rise steel structure buildings. The construction adopts the responsibility of various departments of dry-type hotels in fire hazards. Wuqi Hotel, Public Security Fire Bureau of Ya City, Hainan Province refers to large high-rise buildings. The construction facilities of hotels and restaurants are complicated, there are many combustible materials, relatively large personnel flow, and there are many hidden fire hazards. If the management is not in place, there will be fires if they are negligent. If the initial fire cannot be detected early, it cannot be effectively extinguished and spread. It is difficult to control the fire. In this way, the entire hotel not only suffers major economic losses, but also causes personal injuries, which affects the reputation of the hotel and causes social instability. The fire threatens the hotel at all times and does not make all kinds of preparations and plans beforehand. Once a fire occurs, the entire hotel will fall into chaos. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate the following measures so that when the fire occurs, each department will respond in an orderly manner in accordance with their respective responsibilities and regulations, so as to turn risks into danger and ensure safety.
0 If the hotel staff finds that the fire can be extinguished by themselves, they should immediately take measures to use a fire extinguisher nearby according to the nature of the fire. The fire is large and the personnel present do not understand the method of extinguishment. They should immediately notify the nearest personnel or the security guard of the patrol post Extinguish, if the fire develops quickly and cannot be extinguished in time, you should immediately report to the fire center, keep calm during the call, and briefly state the exact location of the fire. The nature of the fire. The surrounding environment of the fire found that the hotel fire committee is in its daily work. Responsible for all fire prevention work, once a fire occurs in the hotel, the fire protection committee shoulders the responsibility of the fire fighting leading group.
When a fire occurs in the hotel, the leading group should focus on the fire control center. The staff of the fire center should provide the committee with the following information: ①The exact location of the fire source, the performance of the burning substance, the scope of the combustion, and the direction of the fire spread. , Whether someone is trapped in the fire rescue channel at the location of the number of people. , Is it an electric fire or cigarette butts or other reasons. Whether there are important material documents or valuables that need to be rescued, the leading team should make a quick decision based on the fire situation, whether to notify the fire station, whether to notify the guests of the evacuation, and organize the personnel who are still in the fire, as well as the volunteer firefighters to carry out the fire fighting 3 fire center. The action that the switchboard personnel should take is to issue an alarm signal, and the fire center should immediately notify the on-duty attendant or patrol security officer at the site to check on the spot to determine whether it is a false alarm or a fire. If a fire does occur, the fire center should immediately report to the Fire Protection Committee through the switchboard. The switchboard should ensure the smoothness of the telephone line, and under the leadership of the fire protection committee, it is ready to dial 9 fire and call the police to the city fire station at any time. And my name. 1st place. Time and place of burning The burning materials are accurately reported to the fire department. When the fire develops to a certain level, when the hotel ’s top commander decides to evacuate personnel, the switchboard should quickly communicate the notification to each room of each department. When the fire protection committee instructs that personnel evacuation is required, the fire alarm shall be notified to the relevant parts in order. First notify the fire layer; 6 fire layers above each layer; 0 fire layer below. Method: Break the glass button with emergency broadcast and use the bell phone. Contents of the fire situation for a long time; 8 evacuation routes; 0 specific requirements, 4 security personnel. Actions to be taken by voluntary firefighters in the hotel After hearing the fire alarm, the security department's internal staff should stick to their posts and do not leave the phone to contact them at any time; the security guards outside the building should immediately clean up the outside space to ensure the smooth flow of pedestrians and prevent fire Prepare for the arrival of the vehicle; the security guards on duty in each post area should strictly guard their posts and prohibit the entry of irrelevant personnel, protect the scene, and prevent the rogue from taking advantage of the fire; other security guards on duty should immediately concentrate on After accepting the order of the fire protection committee, the fire protection center shall be led by the fire protection center or designated professional firefighters to wear a combat suit and bring a fire extinguisher to the scene. 5 Actions to be taken by the front desk staff The front desk staff includes the assistant manager in the lobby. At the front desk cashier's luggage spraying process, this fireproof coating has the advantage of light weight. Good shock resistance. High construction efficiency.
Japan; the approved company's mineral wool fire protection spray has been widely used in the steel structure of the Shanghai International Trade Center Building in Shenzhen, China's development center. A few years ago, China also introduced this dry mineral wool spraying process in some important engineering applications in Shanghai.
Due to the large amount of dust and fibers flying in the dry spraying, the requirements for labor protection and environmental protection of the construction workers are high. Foreign countries such as the British environmental protection department have confirmed through research that mineral wool dust can cause eye diseases, skin diseases and upper respiratory tract diseases. In addition, people with long-term exposure to this dust environment have a high incidence of cancer. For this reason, in the 1980s, Japan has gradually adopted the wet spraying mineral wool process instead of the dry mineral wool spraying process.
After soliciting the intention of the design and construction users and the fire department, and taking into account the development trend abroad, the recent development of the Shanghai local standard building steel structure fire protection technical regulations has stipulated that mineral wool should not be used as a fire protection coating material for steel structures.
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